Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a compound with the chemical formula C₄H₉NO₂, also known as 4-aminobutyric acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid, abbreviated as GABA). It is an amino acid widely present in vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, possessing good water solubility and thermal stability. It has been confirmed that GABA, as a small molecular weight non-protein amino acid, is safe for consumption and can be used in the production of foods such as beverages. Studies show that intake of a certain amount of GABA has physiological effects such as improving sleep quality and lowering blood pressure.
GET A QUOTE1.What is GABA?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a compound with the chemical formula C₄H₉NO₂, also known as 4-aminobutyric acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid, abbreviated as GABA). It is an amino acid widely present in vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, possessing good water solubility and thermal stability. It has been confirmed that GABA, as a small molecular weight non-protein amino acid, is safe for consumption and can be used in the production of foods such as beverages. Studies show that intake of a certain amount of GABA has physiological effects such as improving sleep quality and lowering blood pressure.
2.How it Works?
GABA has been found abundantly in plants, animals, and microorganisms. It was first discovered in the tubers of potatoes in 1949, and in 1950 its presence was identified in the central nervous system of mammals. It is recognized as a neural inhibitor in the nervous systems of mammals, insects, and some parasitic worms, playing an important role in regulating neuronal excitability. Research has shown that GABA is an active amino acid that plays a crucial role in human brain energy metabolism. It has various physiological functions, including activating glucose metabolism in the brain, promoting acetylcholine synthesis, lowering blood ammonia levels, anticonvulsant effects, reducing blood pressure, improving brain function, calming the mind, and promoting growth hormone secretion.
3.Benefits and Uses
Core Regulatory Role in the Nervous System
GABA is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. By binding to GABA receptors on neuronal membranes, it promotes the influx of chloride ions, reducing neuronal excitability and maintaining the dynamic balance of the nervous system. This function prevents excessive brain nerve activity, avoids abnormal discharges (such as epileptic seizures), and helps the brain remain stable under stress or stimulation.
Improvement of Sleep and Relief of Anxiety
Regulation of Sleep Cycles: GABA can inhibit neurons related to wakefulness in the brain, promoting the occurrence of deep sleep (slow-wave sleep). Clinical studies show that GABA supplements may shorten the time to fall asleep and improve sleep quality.
Relief of Anxiety and Stress: GABA reduces excessive activity in emotion-related brain areas such as the amygdala, decreasing the release of stress hormones like cortisol, thereby alleviating anxiety, tension, and other emotional issues. Some anxiolytic drugs (such as benzodiazepines) work by enhancing GABA function.
Other Potential Physiological Functions
Cognitive Protection: Animal studies suggest that GABA may delay age-related cognitive decline by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Blood Pressure Regulation: GABA can inhibit sympathetic nervous activity and dilate blood vessels, potentially helping to lower blood pressure. GABA found in some fermented foods (such as natto and kimchi) is believed to aid mild blood pressure reduction.
Muscle Relaxation: By inhibiting over-excitation of spinal motor neurons, GABA can relieve muscle tension or spasms.
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